Heat transfer properties of metal, metal oxides, and carbon water-based nanofluids in the ethanol condensation process

This work investigates the convective heat transfer enhancement of water-based nanofluids in pipe exchanger used for ethanol condensation process. The were produced with different nature nanoparticles, Cu, Fe3O4, MWCNT, and graphene, volume concentration 0.01–0.1%, using surfactants. These nanoparticles are characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), specific surface area (BET), Dynamic light scattering (DLS). Density, thermal conductivity, viscosity base fluids experimentally determined at a relevant temperature 20 °C. Convective under laminar regime was evaluated from well-designed experimental setup. As main results, conductivity increases up to 3–5% can increase or decrease nanoparticle concentration, showing lubricating effect coupled respective surfactant. It shown that properties, coefficient, Nusselt number, increased compared water base-fluids, 20%, range Pe 2000–10000. Experimental properties be greater than theoretical ones. Finally, copper nanofluid low appear best candidate application flow geometry considered.